A framework is a simple, useful, and hopefully MECE way to think about a thing. It is a tool not a rule.
MECE - a way of creating lists in a logical way. The king of frameworks.
Barbell - maximum paranoia, maximum optionality, nothing in the middle.
CIA - a MECE for infosec: confidentiality, integrity, availability.
Controls - Preventive and Detective. One way to mitigate risk is to put in controls.
Describing - can use via positiva / via negativa (what it is, what it is not), or MECE.
DIGS - a format to answer interview questions, dramatize/indicate alternatives/go through what you did, summarize.
Iron Triangle - for project management: time, budget, scope.
Lead, follow, or get out of the way - a way to think about critics.
Projects - Initiation, Planning, Execution, Delivery, Post Delivery. (people always forget the last one, it is the most important).
Retros - what happened, what went right, what went wrong, why, how to get better, operationalize (the last is my own addition, try to close the translation gap).
RICE - a (bad) way to prioritize things, standing for reach, impact, confidence, effort.
Risk Mitigation - avoid (my favorite), transfer (e.g. via insurance or contract), accept, or use controls.
Seven Habits - from a book, be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put first things first, think win win, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts, synergies, sharpen the saw.
Stakeholders - shareholder, employees, customers.
The Triad - a way of classifying things or systems: fragile, robust, antifragile.